The Lumbar Spine Official Publication of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine

The official publication of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, this volume is the most authoritative and up-to-date reference on the lumbar spine. This edition provides more balance between basic science and clinical material and has been completely reorganized for easy reference.

New chapters cover gene therapy, outcomes assessment, and alternatives to traditional nonoperative treatment. The editors have also added chapters on preparation for surgery, surgical approaches, spinal instrumentation, and bone grafts. Chapters on specific disorders have a consistent structure—definition, natural history, physical examination, imaging, nonoperative treatment, operative treatment, postoperative management, results of surgery, and complications.

1 BASIC SCIENCE

# Epidemiology and the Economics of Low Back Pain
Alf Nachemson

A Functional Anatomy
# Pathophysiology of Nerve Root Pain in Disc Degeneration and Spinal Stenosis
Bjorn L. Rydevik and Kjell Olmarker

B Biomechanical Considerations
# Biomechanical Considerations of Disc Degeneration
Allison Kaigle Holm and Sten H. Holm
# Morphological Changes of Endplates in Degenerative Disc Disease
Robert J. Moore
# Clinical Spine Instability Due to Injury and Degeneration
Manohar Panjabi, Vijay Goel, Allison M. Kaigle Holm, and Malcolm H. Pope
# Spinal Instrumentation
Vijay K. Goel, Manohar M. Panjabi, H. Huroki, S. Rengachary, D. McGowan, and N. Ebraheim
# Fracture and Repair of Lumbar Vertebrae
Tony S. Keller, Victor Kosmopoulos, and Thomas Steffen
# Genetic Transmission of Common Spinal Disorders
Michele C. Batti